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Trade and regulation
We help seafood businesses respond to issues and opportunities impacting trade. Get support with importing, exporting and other regulations. -
UK exit from the EU
Brexit has changed how we trade, fish and work with the EU. Find practical support and guidance to help your business understand the rules. -
Seafood trade under the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement means new rules on how we trade seafood with the EU. This affects customs, tariffs, VAT and labelling. -
I import seafood to Great Britain
Information and guidance on importing seafood from the EU to the UK from 1 January 2021 including labelling, customs and tariffs and documentation. -
Seafood import customs, tariffs and VAT
Explanation of new customs, tariffs and VAT rules for businesses moving seafood to Great Britain from the EU. -
Seafood imports under the Border Target Operating Model (BTOM)
UK Government has released the final Border Target Operating Model (BTOM). We’ve summarised how it will impact seafood imports into Great Britain. -
I export seafood from Great Britain
Information and guidance on exporting seafood from the UK to the EU including labelling, customs and tariffs and documentation. -
Seafood export customs, tariffs and VAT
Explanation of new customs, tariffs and VAT rules for businesses moving seafood from Great Britain to the EU. -
I process or distribute seafood in Great Britain
Information and guidance on processing and distributing seafood in Great Britain seafood from 1 January 2021. -
I catch or farm seafood
Information and guidance on fish caught or farmed and traded with the EU and Northern Ireland. -
Replacing EU mechanisms in Great Britain
Supporting information and guidance on replacing EU mechanisms in Great Britain. -
Trade agreements and seafood tariffs
Brexit could see changes to trade agreements and tariffs. We have published the potential changes for seafood products from 1 January 2021. -
Changes to health certificates for seafood exports to the EU
Guidance for seafood exporters on changes to export health certificates (EHCs). Find out what you need to do to export to the EU. -
Trading seafood under the Northern Ireland Protocol
Explanation of customs, tariffs and VAT rules for moving seafood between Great Britain and Northern Ireland and between Northern Ireland and the EU. -
Trade and regulation advice and resources
We can offer seafood businesses advice and information on trade and regulation. You'll also find resources here to support international trade. -
Export guides and webinars
Our Export Guides and webinars are a resource for UK seafood businesses looking for information on important overseas seafood markets. -
Seafood trade & tariff data
Our Trade and Tariff Tool has data for seafood imported and exported in the UK. Businesses can use it to research potential new markets. -
Seafood traceability and labelling regulations
Seafood traceability and labelling regulations ensure that seafood can be tracked through the supply chain and is described accurately to consumers. -
Registration of seafood buyers and sellers in the UK
Buyers and sellers of first sale UK landed fish need registered with fisheries authorities. -
General food labelling requirements
Regulation 1169/2011, The Food Information to Consumer Regulation (FIC) becomes effective from 13/12/2014 and replaces the current Food Labelling Regulations 1996. -
The Fish Labelling Regulations
Fish and shellfish products are subject to general labelling rules which apply to all foodstuffs, as well as some more specific regulations. -
Omega-3 labelling and other claims
If you choose to highlight the Omega-3 content or health benefits of your product, this may be classed as making a nutrition or health claim. These types of claims are regulated by The Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation. -
Allergen labelling laws
Food businesses must comply with allergen labelling regulations. Find out which products are affected and what labels and descriptions to use. -
Fish traceability laws
Seafood is subject to traceability laws. We have outlined the regulations for seafood businesses to give a basic understanding of the requirements. -
Selling catch directly to consumers
Our guides can help fishing businesses sell their catch directly to consumers. -
Packaging and waste legislation
Packaging and waste legislation protects consumers and reduces the seafood industry's carbon footprint. Read our guidance on what applies to seafood. -
Animal by-product disposal
The disposal of animal by-products is controlled by legislation which other forms of waste are not affected by. -
Plastic Packaging Tax guidance
If you manufacture or import plastic packaging, you may need to register for Plastic Packaging Tax. Our guidance is for seafood businesses only. -
Businesses in scope
Businesses that need to pay plastic packaging tax must register with HMRC. Find out information on how to check if you are liable. -
Plastic packaging in scope
Plastic Packaging Tax is due on some non-recycled plastic packaging used in the seafood supply chain. Find out what is and isn’t included. -
Registration and payments
Businesses liable for the tax must submit information to HMRC to confirm any payments or deferrals. Find out what is required. -
Record keeping for businesses in and out of scope
All businesses are required to verify information on plastic packaging used. This page explains the record keeping and due diligence requirements. -
A packaging supplier's experience of PPT
This case study examines a packaging supplier's experience of the Plastic Packaging Tax (PPT) as reported by Styropack. -
Plastic packaging taxes in the EU
Businesses exporting seafood from the UK to the EU should be aware of plastic packaging taxes in the EU. This page explains what you need to know. -
Legislation to control contaminants in seafood
Contaminants are substances found in food that have not been added intentionally. These pages cover legislation for contaminants found in seafood. -
Lead
Lead is an undesirable contaminant of food because of a number of harmful effects it has on health. Its levels in seafood are controlled by legislation in the EU. -
Cadmium
Cadmium is a contaminant that can be found in some species of seafood. Cadmium levels are controlled by legislation in the EU. -
Mercury
Mercury is a contaminant found in some foods, including seafood. It is controlled by legislation in the EU. -
Dioxins and PCBs
Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are contaminants that may be found in some species of seafood. -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found as contaminants of some types of seafood. Their levels are controlled by European Union legislation. -
Melamine
Melamine is a contaminant that is controlled by legislation in the EU. -
Marine biotoxins
Marine biotoxins can occasionally contaminate some species of seafood, particularly filter feeding species. -
Histamine
Histamine may develop in some species of seafood. Its presence is controlled by legislation. -
Radionuclides
When a situation arises that leads to levels of radioactivity in food that are higher than natural levels, there is legislation to limit exposure. -
Brominated Flame Retardants
Although there is no specific legislation on brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the European Commission continues to monitor their toxicity and prevalence. -
Food hygiene legislation
Food hygiene legislation ensures the safe handling of food. We have created guidance on all legislation relevant to seafood businesses. -
Marine and Fisheries Management Regulation
Marine environment and fisheries regulations relevant to the seafood industry in the UK. Seafish is not responsible for regulation. -
Marine Environmental Regulation
The UK vision is for a “clean, healthy, safe, productive, biologically diverse marine and coastal environments. -
Key Marine Environmental Legislative Requirements
Summary of key legislation and international commitments regarding the marine environment of relevance to the fishing and aquaculture industries. -
Regulation in aquaculture
The aquaculture industry is growing in the UK. Find information on how to get started and regulations to help you farm seafood safely. -
Aquaculture water quality and classification for shellfish
We’re working with aquaculture producers, regulators and researchers looking at UK water quality to increase production of high quality shellfish. -
Aquaculture Regulatory Toolbox for England
England's aquaculture industry is currently made up of a diverse range of mostly small and medium sized enterprises that are close to local markets. -
Delivering Safe Bivalves to the Market
There are specific requirements to ensure bivalve molluscs are safe for us to eat by reducing the risks from microbial contamination and biotoxins. -
Legislation on veterinary residues in aquaculture
Residues from veterinary medicines used by culturists to treat fish and shellfish can sometimes be detected in seafood. Our guidance explains more. -
Permitted substances
Below is a list of pharmacologically active substances permitted in seafood, alongside their MRLs. These figures are adapted from Regulation 37/2010. -
Banned substances
Some pharmacologically active substances have no fixed MRLs; these constitute a hazard to consumers when present in food at any level. -
Promoting UK seafood internationally
Seafood from the UK has a great story to tell to overseas buyers. We can help you promote your products through trade shows and marketing toolkits. -
Seafood for Life
We’re working to enable and empower the seafood industry to respond to challenges that can act as a barrier to consumers choosing seafood. -
Seafood for Health
We’ve collated information and resources on the health and nutritional benefits of seafood. -
About Seafood for Life
Find out more about our new campaign to help support and enhance the reputation of our UK seafood industry and how you can get involved. -
Safety and training
We provide training, resources and support to help promote seafood careers and workplace safety. -
Commercial fishing training courses
We support training for people working in the fishing industry. Find a course that suits you. -
Fishing Vessel Stability Awareness training
Learn about the principles of fishing vessel stability, what causes instability and how to fix it. Book a course today. -
Training for new entrants to the fishing industry
Apprenticeships and training courses available for new entrants to the fishing industry. -
3-week Introduction to Commercial Fishing
A course for anyone who wants to start working on a commercial fishing vessel. Funding may be available to support costs. Contact us for more detail. -
Commercial fishing online training resources
Free access to online learning resources for those working on commercial fishing vessels in the UK. -
Funding support for training in the fishing industry
Funding may be available for workers on fishing vessels in the UK to improve their skills and safety knowledge. Find out what training we can cover. -
Offshore Approved Training Providers
Delivery of fishermen's training courses is undertaken by Seafish approved instructors working for our network of Approved Training Providers (ATPs). -
Seagoing training certificates
ID cards and certificates are available to fishing industry workers who have completed training. Find out how to order ID cards and certificates. -
Onshore training
There is a range of training, learning and development opportunities for individuals and seafood businesses. Find courses, resources and networks. -
Onshore Training Courses
We develop training courses for people who work with seafood on shore in the UK. Find a course and a training provider to suit you. -
Food Hygiene Training Courses
We deliver seafood specific food hygiene training courses accredited by the Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland (REHIS). -
Introductory Food Hygiene in the Seafood Industry
This short course offers an introduction to food hygiene. It covers bacteria and fish, contamination of fish, personal hygiene and cleaning. -
Elementary Food Hygiene (online)
This free online course is suitable for seafood processing businesses, for fish friers, customer service roles, fishmongers and fishermen. -
Intermediate Food Hygiene by eLearning
This eLearning course is tailored for food industry managers and supervisors. It is used by fish friers, mongers and processors across the UK. -
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) Training Courses
HACCP training courses accredited by Seafish and the Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland (REHIS). -
Introduction to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in the seafood industry
This short course offers an introduction to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points HACCP. -
Elementary Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) by eLearning
This food industry course focuses on the seven principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). -
Allergens Courses and Guidance
Seafood business operators must ensure that staff receive appropriate allergens training. Find out what training is available. -
Bivalve Shellfish Safety Training Courses
Ensuring safer shellfish by supporting the training of seafood purification staff and Environmental Health Officers (EHOs). -
Bivalve Purification Operations Training
This one day bivalve shellfish industry course focuses on the requirements needed to safely purify or depurate live bivalve shellfish. -
Bivalve Purification Management
This seafood course focuses on the procedures and management controls required to ensure safer live bivalves are available for sale to the public. -
Bivalve Shellfish Hygiene Verification programme
An advanced level, two-day training programme for Environmental Health Officers (EHOs). -
Official Control Sampling Training
A remote course that may allow shellfish producers to collect shellfish and water samples for Local Authorities, with an agreement in place. -
Fishmonger Training
A successful fishmonger requires a various skills and knowledge. These include knife skills and customer service skills along with product knowledge. -
Fish Frying Training Courses
A number of Seafish approved fish frier training courses are available from KFE and the National Federation of Fish Friers (NFFF). -
Fish Quality Assessment Training Courses
Fish quality assessment should be objective, based on recognised schemes. Our courses look beyond "good/poor" quality. We aim to quantify quality. -
Principles of Fish Quality Assessment (raw or cooked)
Fish quality assessment should be objective and based on recognised schemes. It looks beyond good or poor quality and aims to quantify quality. -
Introductory Fish Quality Assessment
Our introductory fish quality assessment training course is usually delivered to a small group onsite at a seafood business. -
Intermediate Fish Quality Assessment
Our principles of fish quality assessment course combined with at least one full day of practical assessment. -
Fish Smoking Training Courses
Smoking seafood is a way of giving it a unique taste and flavour. We support fish smoking training courses. -
Principles of Fish Smoking
This theory-based training course covers the key principles of smoking fish. -
Practical Fish Smoking training
A range of practical training/coaching sessions based at various UK training centres to be announced in 2024. -
Food Authenticity and Integrity Verification
A Food Authenticity and Integrity Verification for the seafood industry. Find out what's involved and how to book. -
Health and Safety Training Courses
We deliver Health and Safety training courses at two levels accredited by the Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland (REHIS). -
Health and Safety Taught Courses
Health & safety training allows businesses to develop a positive culture and safe working environment. We deliver these taught courses at two levels. -
Elementary Health and Safety (online)
Elementary Health and Safety is a recognised qualification equivalent to a Level 2 certificate in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. -
Funding to support remote and online learning
Funding is available to support the delivery of remote and online training for the UK seafood industry. -
Onshore Approved Training Providers
At Seafish we work in partnership with individuals to ensure that the onshore seafood industry has access to high quality and cost-effective training. -
Onshore Training Partners
Across the UK training for the onshore seafood sector is supported by a range of partnerships and collaborative working. -
Seafood business apprenticeships
We work with providers to support apprenticeship programmes that allow seafood businesses to support people working in a variety of roles. -
Apprentices are catch of the day for Plymouth fish and chip shop
A case study looking at how apprentices can be a real asset to the team at Harbourside and deliver a great fish and chip experience. -
Yorkshire fish and chip chain puts apprenticeships on the menu
A case study looking at how a fish and chip chain invested in its ongoing success by offering staff apprenticeships. -
Frying high with Hollie Hutton
A case study highlighting how an apprenticeship helped enthusiastic Hollie Hutton to thrive at an award-winning fish and chip shop in Bradford. -
Apprenticeships for fish friers in England
Information about apprenticeship training providers who support fish frying businesses in England -
Fishmonger apprenticeship revision 2024
A new apprenticeship standard for fishmongers, merchants, wholesalers and some primary processors -
Online Resources for Onshore Training
To complement the range of taught training courses available, we have developed various online learning tools. -
Online Learning Resources for Fishmongers
Flexible training materials on customer service and food safety for fishmongers. -
Training Videos On YouTube
With more than 100 authoritative video programmes available, this represents a superb resource for anyone interested in the seafood industry. -
Seafood Guide Updates
All printed publications are limited in content and go out of date eventually, including our 2020 edition of the Seafood Guide. -
Seafood Guide contents and ordering information
Seafood Guide contents and ordering information. -
Making fishing safer in the UK
Fishing is one of the riskiest jobs in the world. Find out how to make you, your crew and your fishing vessel safer. -
Welsh Fishing Safety Committee
The Welsh Fishing Safety Committee (WFSC) addresses the most significant causes of fishing-related loss of life and accidents amongst the Welsh fleet. -
Northern Ireland Fishing Safety Forum
We facilitate the Northern Ireland Fishing Safety Forum (NIFSF) to address fishing-related loss of life and accidents in the country's fleet. -
Kingfisher Information Services
Information on surface and subsea hazards around the UK to help fishing vessels operate safely at sea. Find out how to get alerts and plotter data. -
Careers in the UK seafood industry
The seafood industry needs talented and motivated people for a range of roles. Resources are available for jobseekers and seafood businesses. -
Seafood industry career paths
There's lots of careers in the seafood industry from harvesting to retail. Learn more about working in fishing, aquaculture, processing and more. -
Careers on fishing vessels
There are many options for those who want to explore a career in fishing. This page explains types of roles available with links to training. -
Careers and Training in Aquaculture
People who work in the UK aquaculture sector, breed, rear and harvest various fish and shellfish species for consumption and commercial sale. -
Careers in Foodservice
The foodservice sector includes both takeaway fish and chip shops and seafood restaurants. -
Careers in Retail & fishmongering
Careers in seafood retail will appeal to individuals looking to learn a traditional trade which involves a great deal of knowledge and skill. With over fifty species of fish and shellfish in the UK market, fishmongering is a highly specialised trade. -
Careers in Processing
The processing sector transforms the fresh fish and shellfish produced by fishermen and fish. The range of careers available includes technical managers, supervisory roles, food technologists, operatives, team leaders, filleters, quality assurance roles, engineers etc. -
Career case studies
Five case studies of careers in seafood. -
Employing workers from outside the UK
A Skilled Worker Visa is required for employing migrant workers. Our guidance can help you navigate the sponsor process and be a responsible employer. -
Young Seafood Leaders Network
We set up a network to connect talented young professionals from across the UK seafood industry. Find out how to join and what is involved. -
Responsible sourcing
The UK works hard to ensure it has a responsible seafood industry. Find out how to make your business more environmentally and socially responsible. -
Understanding sustainability and responsible seafood sourcing
We’ve collated information and guidance on sustainability, responsible sourcing and related challenges and initiatives across seafood supply chains. -
Bycatch and protected species
There is action underway to minimise to fishing bycatch and to monitor protected species. -
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
MPAs cover almost a quarter of UK waters and have a diverse range of conservation goals, including protecting fish, seabirds and habitats. -
Fish stock assessment and management
Sustainable fisheries management is vital in maintaining healthy fish stocks. We’ve produced guidance on how stock assessment and management works. -
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing
Unauthorised fishing or activity that breaches regional, national or international laws is known as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. -
UK fisheries management and supply chain initiatives
We’re working with industry and government on a number of initiatives to protect fish and shellfish stocks for future generations. -
Risk assessments and tools for fisheries management
We’ve developed risk assessment frameworks for wild capture fisheries. Find out how they support fisheries management and seafood sourcing. -
Future of Our Inshore Fisheries
Future of Our Inshore Fisheries (FOIF) is an industry-led project with the long-term aim of transforming how inshore fisheries are managed. -
Fisheries Management Plans (FMPs)
Information on what Fisheries Management Plans (FMPs) are, which plans we are helping to develop and opportunities for stakeholder engagement. -
Fisheries management plans in Wales
Information on FMPs in Wales, offering stakeholders the chance to engage in the process to support a profitable and sustainable fishing industry. -
Shellfish Industry Advisory Group
The Shellfish Industry Advisory Group (SIAG) provides a forum to discuss sustainability and management of UK shellfish fisheries. -
Crab and Lobster Management Group
The Crab and Lobster Management Group (CMG) is an industry-led group focused on issues specific to crab and lobster stocks and fisheries. -
Whelk Management Group
The Whelk Management Group (WMG) focuses on the management of the UK whelk fishery to ensure its long-term sustainability. -
Finfish Advisory Group
The Finfish Advisory Group (FiAG) provides a forum to discuss sustainability and management of UK finfish non-quota species fisheries. -
Project UK Fisheries Improvement Projects
A collaborative stakeholder partnership project with the MSC that aims to improve the environmental sustainability of selected UK fisheries. -
Managing discards
Discards are the parts of a catch returned to the sea. Discarding is the practice of returning unwanted catches to the sea, either dead or alive. -
Landing Obligation
How to effectively introduce the landing obligation is one of the most difficult issues facing the fishing industry under the reformed Common Fisheries Policy. -
Onshore Implications
There will be specific onshore impacts of the landing obligation for ports, and potentially the supply chain as a whole. -
North Sea Waters
The landing obligation was introduced in fisheries of interest to the UK fleet in the North Sea from 2015 onwards, and is being introduced for all fisheries covered by the Common Fisheries Policy by 2019. When the landing obligation is fully implemented from 1 January 2019, skippers will be obliged to land all commercial quota species they catch. -
North Western Waters
The landing obligation was introduced in fisheries of interest to the UK fleet in North Western Waters from 2015 onwards, and is being introduced for all fisheries covered by the Common Fisheries Policy by 2019. When the landing obligation is fully implemented from 1 January 2019, skippers will be obliged to land all commercial quota species they catch. -
Discards news and reports
This page contains various documents, notes and publications which offer news and further information on discards. -
Economic analysis
The reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) introduces a landing obligation to eliminate discarding. Seafish was asked to determine the potential economic implications of this discard ban on UK fleets. -
The Common Fisheries Policy
Of course, fish do not respect international boundaries and move freely in the oceans. This makes it difficult for individual EU countries to manage fish stocks in isolation. -
Nephrops Fishery Improvement Project
More information on our Nephrops Fishery Improvement Project is coming soon. -
Fishing gear technology and innovation
We support the UK catching sector and wider supply chain stakeholders to develop innovative fishing gear through collaboration and resource sharing. -
UK Gear Forum
The UK Gear Forum brings together industry, researchers and governments to discuss and advance gear innovations to drive sustainability in fishing. -
Selective gear technology for fishing
We work with the fishing industry in the UK to develop selective gear technologies that improve net-based fishing. -
Fishing Gear Database
Our Fishing Gear Database provides information on how gear and selective devices work to make catching fish more efficient and reduce unwanted catch. -
Gear
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Bag net
A bag net is an environmental method of targeting fish that are close inshore. -
Beach Seine
A net shot by hand or from a small boat in a circular shape and drawn ashore by hand from both ends, which targets fish living close to the shoreline. -
Beam Trawl - Chain Mat Gear
This beam trawl is similar to other beam trawls in that it is held open by a steel bar with shoes on each end. -
Beam Trawl - Open gear
The beam trawl - open gear is designed to stimulate the fish out of the mud and over the footrope of the trawl. -
Beam Trawl - Shrimp beam trawl
The shrimp beam trawl is used to target brown shrimp and is often used in shallow water. -
Beam Trawl - Sumwing
In this fishing method of beam trawling, the beam is replaced with 'wing' style of beam without any beam shoes at the ends. -
Demersal Trawl - General
A demersal trawl is a cone shaped net that is towed on the seabed to target demersal fish species. -
Demersal Trawl - Nephrops hopper trawl
A nephrops trawl is designed and rigged to be towed over rough seabeds to target nephrops. -
Demersal Trawl - Nephrops trawl
A low demersal trawl towed on the seabed, with the mouth held open by a pair of otter boards (trawl doors) designed to target nephrops. -
Demersal Trawl - Rockhopper trawl
The rockhopper, or hopper trawl, is a trawl that is towed on the seabed, with the mouth held open by a pair of otter boards (trawl doors). -
Demersal Trawl - Scraper net
A long low, demersal trawl towed on the seabed, with the mouth held open by a pair of otter boards (trawl doors). -
Demersal Trawl - Sole Trawl
A trawl towed on the seabed, with the mouth held open by a pair of otter boards (trawl doors) designed and rigged to target Dover sole. -
DRB - Scallop Dredge
A scallop dredge is a rigid structure with a chain mail collecting bag, towed on the seabed to target king scallops. -
Drift Nets
This type of gill net is suspended in the water, usually just below the surface, but can be worked anywhere to target pelagic species. -
Fyke Net
A fyke net is a type of fish trap and are generally operated in shallow coastal waters, such as estuaries and sheltered bays. -
Gill Nets
A gill net is a single wall of netting anchored on the seabed to catch fish that swim into it. -
Hand lines
Fishing using a rod or hand held lines as a commercial venture in a similar manner to recreation angling. -
Jigging
Jigging is a method of fishing. Hooks are attached to artificial lures to attract and capture fish. -
LA Ring Net
A LA Ring Net is a long net that is shot to surround a shoal of pelagic fish with a ‘wall’ of netting. -
Long line
Long lining can be used to target both pelagic and demersal fish. -
Multi Rig - Quad rig
A method of towing four otter trawls side by side. -
Multi Rig Trawl - Nephrops triple rig
In this rig three trawls are towed side by side using four trawl warps. -
Multi Rig Trawl - Sole triple rig
This is a fishing method used by smaller vessels to target Dover sole. It involves towing three small trawl side by side. -
Out-rig Trawling
Out-rig trawling is a method of multi rig trawling where two small otter trawls with nets behind, are towed from the ends of outrigger derricks. -
Pair Seine
In this fishing method a net similar to a demersal trawl is towed by two boats simultaneously. -
Pair Trawl
In this fishing method a demersal trawl is towed by two boats simultaneously, one towing each side of the trawl. -
Pelagic Pair Trawl
A trawl towed in mid-water between two vessels to target pelagic fish. -
Pelagic Trawl
In this fishing method, the trawl is towed in mid-water by a vessel and is designed to catch pelagic fish. -
Pole and Line
This is a basic rod and line fishery using barbless hooks and live bait. -
Pots and Trap - Nephrops
Nephrops creels or prawn creels as they are generally called, are of the basic D creel design but lighter than that of a lobster or crab pot. -
Pots and Traps - Brown Crab
Two main shapes of trap are used to target brown crabs. -
Pots and Traps - Cuttlefish
Cuttlefish traps are usually larger than most other traps but of lightweight construction. -
Pots and Traps - General
Pots and traps are generally rigid structures into which fish or shellfish are guided through funnels that make entry easy but escape difficult. -
Pots and Traps - Lobster
The D shaped creel with two entrances is the favoured trap by many lobster fishermen. -
Pots and Traps - Velvet Crab
Traps or creels, used for velvet crab are similar to those used for lobster. -
Pots and Traps - Whelks
Plastic drums with a netting entrance set on the seabed for targeting whelks. -
PS - Purse Seine
A purse seine is a large net used to surround a shoal of pelagic fish. -
Queen Scallop Dredge
A dredge used to target queen scallops are wider and higher than a traditional Newhaven scallop dredge. -
SDN - Anchor Seine
A net shot in the open sea using very long ropes to lay out the net and ropes on the seabed prior to hauling from a boat at anchor. -
Semi-Pelagic Trawl
A trawl towed on or very close to the seabed with the trawl doors swimming several metres off the seabed. -
Small Line
A fishing method is similar to longline fishing but adapted to suit the smaller inshore vessels. -
SSC - Scottish Seine
In the Scottish seine the gear is shot on the seabed in a rounded triangle shape with very long weighted ropes attached to each end of the net. -
Stake Net
A net with a long vertical wall of netting held up by a line of strong wooden poles erected upwards from the beach. -
Tangle Nets
A gill net design where the netting is hung onto the ropes to create a greater amount of slack netting. -
Trammel Nets
Fishing nets similar to a gill net but are made up of three layers of netting. -
Trolling
Trolling is a method of fishing where the boat tows a line or lines with one or more hooks with a natural bait or an artificial lure. -
Twin Rig Trawl - Mixed species twin rig
A fishing method using two trawls side by side to target a mix of bottom living species and demersal round fish. -
Twin Rig Trawl - Nephrops
A method of towing two otter trawls side by side to target nephrops. -
Twin Rig Trawl - Sole twin rig
A fishing method used by smaller vessels to target Dover sole. It involves towing two small trawls side by side. -
Wreck Nets
Wreck nets are types of gill or trammel nets that have been rigged to shoot over wrecks or areas of hard ground on the seabed. -
Types of fishing gear
Different kinds of gear have evolved to target particular species or groups of species. We have produced guidance on commonly used fishing gear. -
Fishing Gear Glossary
A glossary of equipment and technology. -
Selective device
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4 Panel Cod-end
By constructing a 4 panel cod-end, it allows the cod-end to remain more open and increases the flow of water, allowing the fish more space to swim. -
Acoustic deterrents
An acoustic deterrent is a device that emits pulses of high frequency sound to deter cetaceans from approaching fishing gear. -
Amity Net Grid
The amity net grid is a selective device designed to separate nephrops from fish. -
Benthic Panel
A benthic panel is a small panel of square mesh or large diamond mesh inserted in the bottom panel of a trawl. -
Benthos Release Panel
A Benthos or Benthic release panel is a panel of larger diamond mesh or square mesh netting fitted into the lower panel of a trawl. -
Box Trawl
A selective box trawl is made up of 4 panels of netting with these 4 panels carried right down to a 4 panel cod-end. -
Cefas Net Grid
The Cefas Net Grid is a selective device designed to separate nephrops from fish. -
Coverless Trawls
A coverless trawl has the top panel of the net cut back so that the headline and footrope are of similar length. -
Diamond Mesh Size
Most fishing gear is made of netting with diamond shaped meshes, this gives the gear flexibility and a certain amount of stretch. -
Eliminator Trawl
The eliminator trawl is a standard demersal trawl with very large diamond meshes in the wings and forward part of the trawl. -
Escape Gaps
Escape gaps are usually flat pieces of rigid plastic with a rectangular hole in that is fitted into pots and traps to release small shellfish -
F-Cap. (Faithlie Cod Avoidance Panel)
The F-CAP was developed to release cod from a nephrops trawl. -
Fish Stimulation
Fish stimulation being used as a selective device is still a relatively new concept. It is being trialled using a light, sound or electric pulses. -
Gear Operation
This is where there is a complete change of fishing gear or the way the fishing gear is operated to change the catch composition. -
Gear Size
Reducing the physical size of the whole gear or just part of the gear to reduce unwanted by-catch and be able to handle the gear more efficiently. -
Headline Height
A trawl or static net where the gear has been redesigned to keep the headline (top of the net) low to prevent the capture of high swimming species. -
Inclined Netting Grids
An inclined netting grid is a panel of netting fitted inside a trawl and set at an angle. -
Number of Dredges
In some scallop dredge fisheries the number of dredges used is regulated to ensure fishing effort remains within manageable limits. -
Off Bottom Trawl
This is a trawl that, by the way it is rigged and towed, swims clear of the seabed but close enough to target some of the demersal species. -
Ring Size
The ring size of scallop dredges can be used as a selectivity measure to release scallops below a certain size. -
SELTRA Box - Diamond mesh
The SELTRA box is a four panel extension section with a top panel of either large diamond mesh or large square mesh to encourage small fish to escape. -
SELTRA Box - Square mesh panel
The SELTRA box is a four panel extension section with a top panel of either large diamond mesh or large square mesh to encourage small fish to escape. -
Separator panels
A separator panel is a horizontal panel of netting designed to divide the trawl into two sections one above the other. -
Sep-Nep codend
The Sep-Nep is an inclined panel of diamond netting to sieve the nephrops into the lower chamber and direct the fish into the upper chamber. -
Sort X grid
The Sort X grid was developed in Norway as a measure to reduce the numbers of small fish being caught when targeting cod in the Barents Sea. -
Square Mesh Cod-ends
This is one of the most effective escape devices available for the release of small undersized round fish. -
Square Mesh Panels
The square mesh panel is one of the most common used and well known selective devices. -
T90 Cod-ends
In this design the cod-end mesh is turned through 90 degrees into T90 configuration. -
Towing speed
In some situations a change in towing speed can dramatically change the composition of the catch. -
Inclined Separator Panels
An inclined separator panel separates the catch into the bottom living and the higher swimming species and directs them into two separate cod-ends. -
Technical Information
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Bridle Angle and Wing End Spread calculations
Calculations for the bridle angle of a single trawl and wing end spread using a calculator. -
Calculating the Spread of Trawl Doors
Guidance for skippers on calculating the spread of trawl doors. -
Calculating the Sweep Angle and Wing End Spread of a Single Demersal Trawl
An easy to use calculation for wing end spread and sweep angle of a single trawl. -
Flip Up Ropes Construction
Guidance on the design and construction of a Flip Up Rope for fitting into a demersal otter trawl. -
Three Warp Twin Rig - Shortening the Centre Warp
Sheets with figures to advise skippers towing three warp twin rig trawl gear how much to shorten the centre warp by to keep the gear square. -
Trawl Door Spread
The distance between the trawl doors is an important piece of information for any trawler skipper to know at all times. -
Search results
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Aquaculture - farming seafood
Aquaculture production is growing in the UK. We’ve collated information on responsible seafood farming and resources for aquaculture businesses. -
Species farmed in aquaculture
We’ve collated information on commonly farmed species of fish and shellfish and how they are classified. -
Aquaculture profiles
Aquaculture profiles -
Atlantic Halibut
The Atlantic halibut is a large flatfish that can reach a weight of over 300kg in the wild. -
Sources, Quantities and Cultivation Methods
Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Aquaculture Profile - Sources, quantities and cultivation methods. -
Governance and Outlook
Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Aquaculture Profile - Governance and outlook. -
Farm Siting
Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Aquaculture Profile - Farm Siting. -
Nutrient Pollution
Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Aquaculture Profile - Nutrient Pollution.