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A series of codes have been developed to advise industry of best practice when handling, storing and dispatching crustaceans. This document is a compilation of the five individual codes.

Six series of trials were held to investigate the effect on growth rate and survival of pacific oyster spat over a five week period when fed under different regimes. It was concluded that there was no effect on mortality but a significant (30%), improvement in growth rate for the same total food consumption, or reduction in food consumption for the same growth. This could be worth £2,500 per annum to a commercial hatchery. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The rising cost of fuel which has amounted to almost 700% in the last decade has resulted in a revival of interest in sail power as a means of fishing boat propulsion. This study examines the theory of sail power and its relevance to the modern fishing vessel especially the trawler or trawler/seiner of under 24m in length. The high standards of stability now required for fishing vessels coupled with the hull form developments which have taken place since the advent of the diesel engine preclude the application of sail power to existing vessels. The study develops the formulae for the sail area which can be carried by the modern vessel whilst still remaining within the IMCO criteria and this is so negligible to be not worth the structural changes and expense. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The scallop industry in Japan is the most valuable shellfish culture industry at around 34 billion yen production (£68 million). It is second to the oyster industry in terms of production tonnage at 150,000 tons/year as compared to 220,000 tons for the oyster industry. Values of scallop meats remain steady at around £560/ton for in shell and £1,400 ton for shucked meats. The rise in this industry represents one of the most successful examples of the revival and utilisation of a natural marine resource. The scallop under going cultivation in Japan is Patinopecten vessoensis (Jay), “hotategai”, basically a cold water shellfish whose southern limit of distribution is about 35 degrees latitude on the Pacific and Japan sea coast. The main cultivation areas however, are to be found in the north of Honshu and in Hokkaido. This discussion centres on 3 cultivation areas, which in terms of production tonnage are probably the most important scallop growing areas in Japan. These are Mutsu Bay in Komori Prefecture, Funka Bay in S E Hokkaido and Lake Saroma in the north of Hokkaido with the adjoining Okhotak Sea coast. The scallop cultivation technique depends on the relatively simple concept of collecting newly settled stages of the shelled larvae (called ‘spat’) and on growing or raising these juveniles in a protected, maintained environment until they are of a commercial size and can be marketed. Scallop cultivation is one of the relatively new culture processes in Japan with commercially significant tonnages of cultured scallop being produced only in this decade. However, the collection of settled scallop spat on ‘collectors’ and the subsequent sowing of selected juveniles in seabed areas are favourable for their growth, goes back to the 1930’s. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

With the number of mobile retailers increasing during the past decade, this project involving the operation of such a unit, was aimed at defining the parameters of van design in relation to different types of market served. This report gives the information obtained, of the necessary and desirable features in the specification of a van designed to offer good quality fish for sale at the right temperature and in hygienic conditions. The sales information gained from the different sites used was less extensive than hoped, mainly due to the need to avoid situations in which the trials might inadvertently compete with the existing trade. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

A presentation that David Parker, Young s Seafood gave at the CLG meeting on Wednesday 29 June 2016

Following the voluntary liquidation of Fleetwood Fishing Vessel owners Association, two new companies, Fish Handling (Fleetwood) Co. Ltd., and Fish Ancillary Equipment Co. Ltd., have been set up to discharge the fishing vessels at Fleetwood. The port has been made more competitive by an agreement with the Dockers union, the TGWU, to cut manning levels and introduce mechanisation. With the assistance of the White Fish Authority the first of a new model ABCO pneumatic discharger has been supplied by its Canadian manufacturers, the Atlantic Bridge Co. Ltd., and the Authority has supervised commercial trials of the discharger at Fleetwood. The trials have compared the performance of the ABCO discharger with the more traditional methods of unloading bulked and boxed fish. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

This report describes recent developments and changes in the Japanese oyster industry which have occurred over the last decade. The last full review of the Japanese oyster industry was published in 1950 (Cahn 1950). A description of the Hiroshima oyster culture system was published by Korringa (1976) from observations he made during 1971 to 1973. This report attempts to describe the more recent and future trends of the industry. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

In 2009–10, an innovative partnership between scientists and Devon beam trawlermen – nicknamed ‘Project 50%’ – was set-up with an aim to help to protect fish stocks by reducing the amount of juvenile fish discarded overboard by over 50%.

This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish

This report covers the analysis of the technical requirements of auxiliary sail in terms of the main parameters: wind climate experienced by the vessel, ability of the vessel to carry sail as limited by her stability characteristics, and the derivation of overall fuel savings under these conditions. Also included is a comparison of the fuel which could be saved with the present annual fuel consumption in monetary terms to assist investment appraisal. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Following the experiment amongst 7 volunteer fish friers selling complimentary quantities of frozen, skin-on, blue whiting block or butterfly fillets in their retail fish and chip shops (see report of June 1976), 4 of the nominated friers opted to continue selling blue whiting on a trial commercial basis. Pre-arranged quantities of frozen, graded, skin-on block fillets in 4 kg shatter packs were made available to these friers beginning the week of 16 August, 1976, at a price of £3.50 per stone. To date, the quantities delivered by the White Fish Authority (WFA) average 1 stone per outlet per week for 3 of the fish and chip shops, and 2 stone per week for the remaining 1. After allowing a reasonable amount of time for the novelty aspect to wear off and blue whiting to become an accepted item for sale in the 4 shops, in late October the WFA commissioned interviews to be conducted during normal trading hours in each of the 4 shops. The interviews were conducted by professional interviewers, one of whom spent a day in each location interviewing first the frier and then customers at random who ordered blue whiting. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

This report is a collection of six specifications developed by the Authority to assist oyster processors and product manufacturers. The recipes and procedures are based on work conducted by the Authority’s Market Development Unit to a point at which interested firms can sophisticate the products to suit their won systems and requirements. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The objective of the trials was to introduce mid-water pair trawling techniques to Fleetwood middle-water side trawlers in order to diversify their operations. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Following is a report on Stages I and II of the on-going programme to discover the market potential and market opportunities of mackerel. During Stage I, in July 1976, nearly 2,000 housewives were interviewed at random, representing an estimated 18,500,000 housewives in the country. For Stage II, group discussions were conducted in August 1976 with six groups in the North and South, recruited on the basis of their mackerel usage. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

As part of its programme for gauging the likely acceptance of the Pacific oyster on a large scale, and thereby encouraging British growers to purchase the new seed which was becoming available from commercial hatcheries in the early 1970’s, the White Fish Authority developed a number of frozen Pacific oyster products designed for the convenience foods sector of the catering industry. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Mackerel is a well-known but not often used fish. Although it is available fresh, smoked and canned, it is under-utilized. The White Fish Authority has undertaken to determine why mackerel is not universally popular, and to discover future market potential and market opportunities. During Stage I, in July 1976, nearly 2,000 housewives were interviewed at random, representing an estimated 18,500,000 housewives in the country. For Stage II, group discussions were conducted in August 1976 with six groups of housewives in the North and South, recruited on the basis of their mackerel usage. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

A series of three Hall Tests were held in September/October 1976 amongst 594 housewives in Scotland, the Midlands, and the South to determine the detect ability and influence of pin bones in Blue Whiting fish fingers. The test design was triadic with three equal (198 each) independent groups of housewives sampling. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The White Fish Authority’s fisheries training centre was officially opened on the 27 February, 1976 by the, then, fisheries Minister Mr Fred Peart. It introduced a powerful new tool, in the form of a flume tank, in which large scale models of trawls and other types of fishing gear can be demonstrated and tested. Up to the 31st October, 1976, when it was drained for three weeks for its warranty survey, the flume tank had been run for 541 hours on 153 days, with virtually no defects in eight months effective operation. In other words the tank was utilised on all but 22 working days in its first period of operation. This report describes the new training centre, explains how the flume tank works and outlines the type of work done during this first period. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The concept of an overwinter nursery process for Pecten Maximus spat arose on sampling spat settlement in artificial collectors in 1975 (Ref 1). It was noticed that the major proportion of the collected stock was still small and fragile (mean size 8 – 9mm) about four months after the peak settlement in July. By this time (November/ December) the sea temperature had fallen from 12/13ºC at the end of October to 8/9ºC at the end of December, and eventually the temperature fell to 6ºC by the end of January. There was some evidence of cessation of growth and significant mortalities of the smaller scallop spat over this winter (see Ref 2). There was, therefore, the possibility of promoting growth and survival of these small spat, indoors, over the winter and perhaps thereby shortening the overall culture period for Pecten maximus. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The Aberdeen Fishing Vessel Owners’ Association have, for a number of years, operated a Box Pool within the Port of Aberdeen. The boxes, owned by the Box Pool, were until recently, wooden market trunks, capable of containing 8 stones of fish. They were delivered to the Fish market during the night to meet the estimated demand of the subsequent landing. After the sale, the boxes were taken to the Merchants’ fish-houses from whence they were uplifted by the Box Pool’s own collection service during the afternoon and taken to their premises on Albert quay. Recognising the longer term need to restructure their Box Pool, the A.F.V.O.A. had engaged MAS on several occasions over the past five years to undertake studies concerning the operation of the Pool under different sets of circumstances. A comparative costing exercise covering a number of different washing systems, operated on the continent as well as the UK, resulted in the drawing up of a general specification for a washing machine, which would enable the Box Pool to offer an economical services at their existing site, while producing a thoroughly clean box. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

From a desk study of charts and maps of the UK, sites of good potential for marine fish and shellfish farming have been identified, encompassing an area in excess of 3,200 ha. This initial study is not considered to be exhaustive, as small sites (less than 5 ha.) and the occasional good site in a generally unfavourable area have been excluded. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

At the time of writing, mackerel is probably the only very large resource, apart from blue whiting, now available to the UK fishing fleet and consequently catch rates have risen dramatically during the past 3-4 years to a point approaching 10% of the total UK catch, and mackerel has now overtaken cod as the main species landed by UK vessels. However, the increased landings of mackerel have not been matched by a corresponding growth in the home market with considerable quantities in the past to or three years being either reduced to fish meal or transhipped for export to Russia and other Iron Curtain countries – with the result that this highly nutritious species is seriously under-utilised in terms of human consumption in the UK. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The report defines the state of the Hull Fish Industry in early 1983 showing little prospects exist for the catching sector but that the processing sector remains buoyant by its dependence on fish from all over the UK as well as imports. A geographical analysis shows that Hull and Humberside have all the locational advantages of retaining their position as the most important processing centre in Europe.

Analysis of the results of fish quality assessment for samples collected from hospitals throughout the UK. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish

In January 1977, the Fisheries R & D Board (FRDB) received the report, from its Fish Farming Committee (FFC), reviewing the past and current programmes of the separate UK R & D organisations. In accepting the findings of this report, the FRDB noted that progress with Dover sole was the least advanced of these species under serious investigation. The White Fish Authority’s (WFA) plea for greater application of effort into overcoming nutritional problems with sole was also discussed. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Biological data, from controlled culture trials with scallops (Pecten maximus) and Queen scallops Chlamys opercularis) on the Scottish west coast, have been applied to Japanese long line methods. Costs have been established and commercial viability is discussed for farming on a crofter basis, that is with a vessel, a vehicle and family labour provided free of charge. Although the early growth rate of Queen scallops is superior to that of scallops, the formers lower sales value cannot yet make its cultivation viable, even on the most favourable basis of allowing all market costs of a combined scallop and Queen operation to be charged against scallop production. However, if the significantly higher inert yield in cultivated Queen Scallops, compared to wild stock, were reflected in the sales value by only 25%, combined culture of the two scallop species would warrant further evaluation. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The report represents, in abbreviated form, the progress made since 1977 in the production of data required for the commercial farming of sole. Results to date substantiate the finding of the 1975 study into economic feasibility, namely, that sole could be produced by farming at a cost lower than its market value. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Three sets of hall tests were held in February/March 1976, using blue whiting caught by the Artic Privateer in April 1975. In each set, 200 housewives were served samples of both crumbed and pan-fried and of grilled fillets and their responses to the appearance, flavour and texture of the cooked fish obtained. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

This report gives a summary of all available statistical heave acceleration data recorded by the IDU since 1963, which consists of measurements taken on board three stern trawlers covering a total of 640 days at sea. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

In its attempts to upgrade the quality and to increase the sales of fish to the institutional catering field, the Authority recognised the difficulties experienced by many organisations in purchasing fish. These difficulties stemmed more from inability to state the purchasing requirements correctly and from administrative procedures within the organisation, than from problems of supply. Standard purchasing specifications were therefore compiled and the Advisory/Inspection Service instituted, with the brief of implementing the usage of the specification and of monitoring the quality of the fish supplied against them. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

Scallop spat collection was carried out in Loch Ceann Traigh in the summer of 1983. The peak settlement of both Pecten and Chlamys occurred in mid-July. The report details collection and sorting procedures and data on the performance of different types of collector. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish

The scallops. Pecten maximus (L) and Chlamys opercularis (L) were on grown at four levels in the water column to establish the optimum depth for growth and meat yield. This report gives final data for trials set up using spat collected in 1978. There appeared to be no depth related mortality pattern after the initial stages of cultivation. For optimum growth and meat yield, it is suggested that Pecten should be maintained below 4.5m initially, and then brought nearer the surface as they increase in size. Chlamys can be grown at shallower depths throughout the culture process, but the increase in growth and meat yield was not as great. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish

Recent findings on the processing, distribution and retailing of fish commercially packaged in a controlled atmosphere are given. Temperatures were generally significantly above the recommended range of 0-2^oC.

British United Trawlers (BUT) Grimsby have requested the Industrial Development Unit, White fish Authority, to conduct a preliminary study into the feasibility of converting a number of their existing middle water side trawlers, which are laid up at present, to double beam trawl operation for high value flat fish. It was suggested the ‘ROSS JUNO’ should be used as the basis ship for the purpose of this study. The results, however, are applicable in general to other similar vessels in the BUT fleet. The most important consideration in the conversion of a side trawler to beam trawling is the effect of the external loads on stability of the vessel. These loads which in themselves may be small are applied at a large distance from the vessels centre of gravity and can result in large applied moments of force. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

For the past four years, as part of its on-going programme of research into consumer and trade attitudes towards mackerel, the White Fish Authority has been commissioning quantitative research in the form of omnibus surveys in order to determine current usage of the species. The surveys were conducted in July 1976, September 1977, September 1978 and March 1980. This report deals with the fourth of these surveys, and its findings are compared with the findings obtained in 1977 and 1978. The survey differs from previous ones in that an additional question was asked to determine meal occasion and type of meal use. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The Advisory/Inspection Service of the Sea Fish Industry Authority has now completed its fifth successive year of operation under contract to the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). Each of the 14 hospital regions in England was visited for a one week period. Additional one week visits were made to different districts in the two largest regions, ie West Midlands and Yorkshire, making a total of 16 visits. As a result of these visits 722 samples of fish were collected from a total of 371 hospitals and assessed according to the criteria outlined in the WFA/Torry Purchase Specifications. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

The purpose of the investigation was to test the suitability of several recipes for inclusion in a recipe book for school meals. Suitability was measured in terms of plate waste, popularity with children, cost and ease of preparation. The results showed that the more adventurous recipes were more popular with the children than the rather bland traditional fish dishes, and these dishes were also preferred by the kitchen staff. However, it was felt that all the recipes which had been developed showed sufficient potential for inclusion in the recipe book. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.

This report was commissioned by the White Fish Authority as part of an on-going programme of research into consumer and trade attitudes towards mackerel. The object of this research programme is to try and establish why mackerel, although a well-known species of fish and usually available at a reasonable price, is not more universally popular, particularly as prices of species such as cod, haddock and herring continue to rise. This report has been produced from a scanned original and may therefore contain some formatting and other inaccuracies. In cases where this affects the technical content, a paper copy of the original report can still be obtained from Seafish.